{"id":4462,"date":"2022-09-07T12:55:44","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T12:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/?p=4462"},"modified":"2022-09-24T10:52:55","modified_gmt":"2022-09-24T10:52:55","slug":"%e0%a6%96%e0%a6%a3%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a1-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%86%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf-%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/%e0%a6%96%e0%a6%a3%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a1-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%86%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf-%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%9a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u2013 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c, \u09a6\u09be\u09b8\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be, \u09ac\u09c8\u09ad\u09ac <br\/>  \u099c\u09df\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ad\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09aa\u09dc\u09b6\u09bf<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09a6 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 <em>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09a1\u09be\u0995<\/em> <em>\u0986\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0986\u0993\u09df\u09be\u099c<\/em> (\u0986\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6, \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ef) \u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8 \u0986\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb-\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09a8 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u099c\u0997\u09ce\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0997\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099d\u0997\u09dc\u09be\u099d\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09a4, \u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09a4, \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09b0\u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u099a\u09a4\u09be\u0993 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cc \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf-\u09ac\u09cc-\u099d\u09bf\u09b0\u09be \u099d\u09c7\u0981\u099f\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cc\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09a6 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u0981\u09a7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09b9\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09dc\u09b6\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u099f\u09be \u0986\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ec\u09ee-\u09ec\u09ef)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u0987 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09ac-\u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u098f \u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u0995\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ad\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be <em>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09be\u09b2\u09df<\/em> \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u09e7\u09ee\u09e8\u09e9 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7) \u09ad\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09ce\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09be\u09b2\u09df \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u0987\u09b2, \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09be \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09df \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09ae\u09b2\u09be\u09b2\u09df \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u0987\u09a4\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09b9\u0987\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u201d\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb)<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4 (\u09ad\u09c1\u09ac\u09a8\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0987) \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 <em>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0<\/em> <em>\u0993<\/em> <em>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09be<\/em> \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u0983 \u09e7\u09ef\u09ed\u09e9 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u0998\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0997 \u09ac\u09c1\u0995\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf) \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u099b\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09df \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u0964 \u09aa\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a0\u09be, \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09bf \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf, \u0987\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf-\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0987 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09b9\u0987\u09a4 &#8230; \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u0987\u09a4\u0964 \u0987\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0997\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09b9\u0987\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09df \u09b9\u0987\u09a4 &#8230; \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c1 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u099b\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09df \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0987, \u098f\u099f\u09be \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09c0 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e8\u09e9-\u09e8\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u099c\u09a8\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u201c\u099c\u09c1\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u0987\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u201d, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u099c \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f, \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cb\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u099f\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09ee\u09e9\u09eb, \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8) \u0986\u0981\u09a4\u09c1\u09dc \u0998\u09b0\u0964 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09a8-\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0987 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09af\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u0996\u09cb\u099c \u0996\u09ac\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0985\u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u0997\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong> <strong>\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u098f\u0995 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0983\u09b6\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099c\u09dc\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09df\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n<p><em>\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6<\/em> <em>\u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2<\/em> <em>\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b2<\/em>-\u098f (\u09ae\u09c7 \u09e8\u09eb, \u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09ed) \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df \u201cBritish Medicine in India\u201d (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e8\u09ea\u09eb-\u09e7\u09e8\u09eb\u09e9) \u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 (\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u0985\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a4)\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u2013 \u201cMedical Empire Builders\u201d\u0964 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09c7\u09df \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c1\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09b2 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 (Gabriel Boughton) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u099f\u09a8 (William Hamilton)\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09ae\u09bf\u09a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09c1 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b8\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 (\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09df\u0982 \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0) \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09e8 \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 <em>A History of Indian Medical Service: 1600-1913<\/em> (\u09e7\u09ef\u09e7\u09ea)-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u09a1\u09bf \u099c\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201cOne of the most widely known stories of the early history of the English in India is the legend of Gabriel Boughton, Surgeon of the <em>Hopewell<\/em>; how he was sent for to attend the daughter of the Emperor Shah Jahan, who had been badly burned; how he was successful in effecting a cure ; and how, when desired to name his own reward, he asked for and obtained liberty for his masters, the Company, to trade in Bengal, <strong>after which the first settlement of the East India Company in Bengal was founded<\/strong>.\u201d (\u09e7\u09ae \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e9\u09ed) \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u0996\u09c1\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09c0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u2013 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09c1 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2 \u0987\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u099f\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 (\u09e7\u09ec\u09eb\u09eb\/\u09eb\u09ec \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4)\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u098f \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u098f\u0987 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u2013 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09a4, \u09a8\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u2013 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a8\u09a8\u09a6 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df \u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b2\u09c7\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 <strong>\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u09af\u09be\u09df<\/strong>\u0964\u201d (Nicolao Manucci, <em>Storia do Mogor, or Mogul India, 1653-1708<\/em>, Vol. I, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e8\u09e7\u09ef) \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09bf \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a1\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09a1\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 <em>Surgeons Twoe and A Barber<\/em> (1950) \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09b9\u09bf\u099c\u09b0\u09be \u09e7\u09e6\u09ea\u09ec-\u098f (\u09e7\u09ec\u09e9\u09ec \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6) \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ad\u09df\u09be\u09ac\u09b9\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be\u09a6 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c2\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09df \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09df \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b9\u09cb\u09aa\u0993\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c \u09a6\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09af\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf, \u2018but solicited that his nation might have liberty to trade, free of all duties, to Bengal, and to establish factories in that country.\u2019 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0997 \u0997\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u2019 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e9\u09e6-\u09e9\u09e7)<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09aa\u09a6\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09a3 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a1\u09bf \u099c\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b0\u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09a8\u09a8, \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099c\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c \u09b6\u09be\u09b9 \u09b8\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u2018\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u2019 \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ec\u09eb\u09e7\/\u09eb\u09e8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09cb\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 (<em>A History of Indian Medical Service: 1600-1913<\/em>, \u09e7\u09ae \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09e9) \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0995 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c0, \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0987 \u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09b6\u09be\u09b9 \u09b8\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0987 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 <em>Court Book<\/em> of 1674, Vol. XXIX., dated 4th Sept. (\u09e7\u09ec\u09ed\u09ea)-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u0964 Bowrey&#8217;s <em>Geographical Account of-Countries round the Bay of Bengal<\/em>-\u098f\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09e8\u09e9\u09ea \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09df \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a6\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964\u201d (\u09e7\u09ae \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09e9)<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 \u201c\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u099b\u09bf\u09b2, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b9\u09cb\u09aa\u0993\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u0993 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09ec)<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0989\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09ab\u09b2\u0995 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b0\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u09a8\u09be\u0964 <em>Dictionary of National Biography<\/em>-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ec\u09e6)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae<\/strong> <strong>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u09a1\u09bf \u099c\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u0997\u09a4 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u2019\u09b6 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u0985\u09ab\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 (greatest benefactor)\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09e7\u09ae \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e7\u09e9)<\/p>\n<p>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09ad\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u0997\u09cb \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be\u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0987\u0982\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u2013 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u099a\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09dc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u09ad \u09a4\u09cb \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0987 \u2013 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09df \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0993 \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b9\u09be\u09ae\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ad\u09c7\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df, \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ec \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u00a3\u09e9\u09ec \u09ac\u09be \u09e7\u09ea\u09ea \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0964 (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e7\u09eb)<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09ac\u09b0 \u09a8\u09a5\u09bf\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099c\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u2013 \u201cIn the same year, 1713, Hamilton and Harvey performed a post-mortem, the first in Calcutta of which any record has been preserved, as noted in <em>Cons<\/em>, of 6th Aug., 1713.\u201d (\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e7\u09e7)<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf <em>Sherborne<\/em> \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09bf \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09dc\u09c1\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09a1\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cc\u0995\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09ae \u0989\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u2013 \u201c\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09ea \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cc\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0996 \u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09df \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u2013\u00a0 Dalziel-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u2013 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09df \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09ac\u0982, \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964\u201d (Donald McDonald, \u201cThe Indian Medical Service. A Short Account of its Achievements 1600 \u2014 1947\u201d, <em>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine<\/em>, January 1, 1956, pp. 13-17, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c1\u0981\u099a\u0995\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ab\u09cb\u0981\u09dc\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09ed \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u2013 \u201cWe write your Honours the welcome news of the King\u2019s recovery. As a clear demonstration to the world he washed himself on the 23rd ultimo, and accordingly received the congratulations of the whole Court. As a reward for Mr. Hamilton\u2019s care and success, the King was pleased on the 30th to give him in public, viz., a vest, a culgee (\u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09dc\u09bf) set with precious stones, two diamond rings, an elephant horse, and 6,000 rupees; besides ordering at the same time all his small instruments to be made in gold, with gold buttons for his coat and waistcoat, and brushes set with jewels.\u201d (\u201cBritish Medicine in India\u201d, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e8\u09ea\u09ef)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b9\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09cb-\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u0996\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09dc\u09bf, \u09b8\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf, \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u09ae, \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b6 \u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\u0996\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u09ae \u2013 \u09b8\u09ac\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0987 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0996 \u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09a6\u09cc\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u09b9\u09df \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u0995\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09be\u09a7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09a5\u09be \u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ea \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 J. Talboys Wheeler \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201cThe English mission to Delhi, and story of Hamilton\u2019s success in curing the great Moghul, were long remembered in Calcutta.\u201d (J. Talboys Wheeler, <em>Early Records of British India: A History of the British Settlements in India<\/em>, 1878, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09ee\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u0989\u09ce\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 (\u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09df) \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u2013<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8, \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09a8,<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09a8 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09ea \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09ed\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8<\/p>\n<p>\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0996 \u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7<\/p>\n<p>\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8;<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u0983\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf<\/p>\n<p>\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df\u09c0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7,<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u0993\u0964\u201d (Eyre Chatterton, <em>A History of the Church of England in India Since the Early Days of the East India Company<\/em>, 1923, Chapter IV. Calcutta, 1690-1756, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09ed))<\/p>\n<p>\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u099a\u09c7 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 \u201chaving obtained permission from the Court which is the refuge of the universe\u201d\u0964 (Wheeler, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09ee\u09eb)<\/p>\n<p>\u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09df\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u099f\u0995 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c<strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df<\/strong> <strong>\u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong> <strong>\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u09b8\u09b9\u09cd\u09af<\/strong> <strong>\u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/strong> <strong>\u09b9\u09df<\/strong>, but the Presbyterian: and that they brow-beat. The Pagans carry their idols in procession through the town. The Roman Catholics have their Church to lodge their idols in, and the Mahomedan is not discountenanced; but there are no polemics except between our High Church men and our Low, or between the Governor\u2019s party and other private merchants on points of trade.\u201d (Eyre Chatterton, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ed\u09e8)<\/p>\n<p>\u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a6\u09b6<\/strong> <strong>\u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7<\/strong> <strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u0986\u0982\u09b6\u09bf\u0995<\/strong> <strong>\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u0986\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09ac\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 (\u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09ee \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a6) \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0995\u09cc\u09a4\u09c1\u0995\u0995\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201cThe Company has a pretty good Hospital at Calcutta, where many go in to undergo the Penance of Physick, but few come out to give Account of its Operation.\u201d \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce, \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0987 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09af\u09be\u09df, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u0987 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09ac\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 (\u0986\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8, <em>A New Account of the East Indies, Being the Observations and Remarks<\/em>, Vol. II, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e8\u09ed, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09e7) \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09df\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u201c\u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09b8, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09b8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u201d \u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u2013 \u201c\u098f\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 Hon\u2019ble Company-\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c7\u09df, \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u0993 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u0964\u201d (Revd. J. Long, <em>Selections from Unpublished Records of Government for the Year 1748 to 1767&#8230;,<\/em> Vol. 1, 1869, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09e7\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09eb\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09df \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09dc\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u09ab \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ad\u09c7\u099f \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09ac\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u201cMedicine for Jagat Set\u201d (\u09ea\u09ef\u09ea \u09a8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u098f\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf)\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u099c\u0997\u09ce \u09b6\u09c7\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u2013 \u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c-\u0989\u09a6-\u09a6\u09cc\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b7\u09dc\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09dc\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u098f \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7 (\u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09ed) \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u099c\u0997\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c7\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 (\u09e7) \u09a4\u09c7\u09b2 (\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c7\u09b2), (\u09e8) <strong>\u09aa\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09b6\u09bf\u0982\u09df\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8<\/strong> (\u201cextract of horn\u201d), \u098f\u09ac\u0982 (\u09e9) \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8, \u09af\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 (<em>Selections from Unpublished Records of Government<\/em>, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e8\u09e9\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ea\u09ef\u09eb \u09a8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u098f\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u201cA Doctor wanted to apply medicine to Jagat Set\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ef\u09ea-\u09ea\u09ef\u09eb)\u0964 \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09e6 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c7\u09aa\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u099c\u0997\u09ce \u09b6\u09c7\u09a0 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09e8\u09e6 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0996, \u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0, \u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09ec\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09b2 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be \u09b9\u09dc\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09df\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df (disjointed)\u0964 \u09e8 \u0998\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09a8\u09be &#8230; \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09be &#8230; but your favour I have received the use of it again, and I beg you will enquire and send me what other medicines may be necessary to remove the pain, and write me concerning the application, and also send a Doctor that perfectly under stands the nature of the medicines. By your complying with these requests, <strong>after my recovery, as long as I have life I shall retain a grateful sense of it<\/strong>.\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ef\u09eb)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09b2, \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0996 \u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c1\u0981\u099a\u0995\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ab\u09cb\u0981\u09dc\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b6\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09c0\u09df \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 <strong>\u09aa\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09b6\u09bf\u0982\u09df\u09c7\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09bf \u098f \u09ac\u09c7\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 \u201cWhen the British denounced Indian backwardness in theory, they meant their continued adherence to Aristotelian humoral notions which had only recently been abandoned in Europe. <strong>The insecurity of European knowledge was a potent element in their rages<\/strong>.\u201d (C. A. Bayly, <em>Empire and Information. Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 178-1870<\/em>, 1999, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e8\u09ee\u09e7) \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0994\u09ce\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u099a\u09df\u09a4\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09b7\u09a7\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09dc\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2 \u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09e7\u09ee\u09e6\u09ee \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 (Crawford, <em>A History of the Indian Medical Service, 1600-1913<\/em>, 1914, Vol. 2, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e7\u09ee) \u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ec \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09ac\u09b0, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e6\u09ed-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 \u201cHaveing abundance of our Soldiers &amp; Seamen yearly Sick, &amp; this year more pticularly our Soldiers, &amp; the Doctr representing to us, that <strong>for want of an Hospital<\/strong>! or Convenient Lodgeing for them is mostly the occasion of their Sickness, and such a place will be highly necessary as well for the Garrison and Sloops as Company&#8217;s Charter party Shiipping to keep the men in health, tis therefore agreed that a convenient spot of ground near the ffort be pitcht upon <strong>to build an Hospitall<\/strong> <strong>on<\/strong>,\u201d (\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e7\u09ee)<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09e9 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e8\u09e6 \u0986\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u099f, \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 &#8211;<\/p>\n<p><em>1<sup>st<\/sup><\/em>. The Hon ble United Company will sup- ply the Hospitall with 30 cots and bedding, 20 Gouns, and 20 Pieces Gurrahs.<\/p>\n<p><em>2nd<\/em>. That all the soldiers unmarryd be obliged to repair to the Hospitall when sick.<\/p>\n<p><em>3rd<\/em>. That every soldier pay 4 annoes per day whilst sick in the Hospital for his maintenance, every Corporal! six, and a Sergeant half a rupee.<\/p>\n<p><em>4th<\/em>. That a centry be kept to secure the sick from going abroad till admitted by the Surgeon, and to hinder all Strong Liquors being brought in.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>That the Stewaid have all the cloths under his charge and to supply them with all necessarys after the abovementioned gift, his wages 30 rupees per month out of which to pay for firewood, oyl, &amp;c.<\/li>\n<li>To provide 6 brass Potts, 6 Saucepans, 12 Porringers, 1 Conge off Pewter Plates with twenty spoons.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(Sd.) Wm. HAMILTON.<\/p>\n<p>(Sd.) RICHARD. HARVEY. (Crawford, \u201cNotes on the Eearly Hospitals of Calcutta\u201d, <em>Indian Medical Gazette<\/em>, January 1903, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7-\u09ec\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4)<\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09df\u0987 \u0996\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099c\u09a8 \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ec \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09ae \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09cb\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u2013 \u201cRegulations agreed on for the Hospitall, at the Company&#8217;s charge.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMedicines out of the stores bought in the Bazar; by Prescription of the Doctors.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCotts for the Sick.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCloths for Raggs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWood, Charcoal, Potts and Pans, and what else shall be necessary.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSix Harrys (\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099d\u09be\u09dc\u09c1\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09a5\u09b0) during the sickly season, and four afterwards.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTwo washermen.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDyet of sick men, candles and oil to be made good to the Steward out of the soldier&#8217;s pay monthly at the Pay Table and no other deduction to be made before he is paid, which expense not to exceed four anaes a day for each man.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll utensills and necessarys belonging to the Hospitall to be under the Steward&#8217;s care, and he to be answerable for them.\u201d (Crawford, <em>A History of the Indian Medical Service, <\/em>Vol. 2, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e7\u09ef\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09b2\u09bf, \u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u2013 \u201c<em>Pub. Cons., Fort William<\/em>, <em>26<sup>th<\/sup> March, 1735<\/em>. It being necessary for one of the Doctors to reside at the Hospital for the Attendance of the Sick. \u201cAgreed that we build a Couple of Upper Rooms and a Shop for the Medicines at one of the Ends of the Hospitall.\u201d (\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a3\u09c0\u09df, \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b8\u09aa\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e8\u09e6)<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u0996\u09b2 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09dc \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be \u2013 \u201cIn the <em>Cons<\/em>, of 6th Sept., 1759, it is noted that <strong>the hospital is not large enough for the sick,<\/strong> and it is resolved to purchase Dr. Gray&#8217;s house, to be used as a hospital, for Rs.15,000.\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e8\u09e8)<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 (\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09b8\u09c8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0) \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09e8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 Ghireti-\u09a4\u09c7 (\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8\u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2) \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u0996\u09ac\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u2013 \u201cAgreed till such Time as the Hospitals can be built in the New Fort, that we build one near to Surman&#8217;s with Fell Trees, and cover\u2019d with Straw, under the Direction of Captain Green, upon the same Construction with those he has built at Ghyrotty, which are found to be extremely good and wholesome Lodgings.\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09e8\u09e8)<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2, \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u09af\u09c7 \u0998\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8\u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7? \u098f \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09a4\u09cb \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09ee\u09ee \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09eb \u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099b\u09bf \u2013 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09ae\u09a6\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09e7\u09e6\u09eb \u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a8\u09ab\u09c7\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09dc\u09be, \u09af\u09c7 \u09ed\u09e8 \u099c\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09df\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0\u09df\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 (W.S. Seton-Karr, <em>Selections from Calcutta gazettes: showing the political and social condition of the English in India from 1784 to 1823<\/em>, Vol. 1, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e8\u09eb\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u0993 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09a4 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09af\u09a4\u09bf \u099f\u09be\u09a8\u099b\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3<\/p>\n<p>W. H. Carey-\u09b0 <em>The Good Old Days of Honorable John Company<\/em> (Vol. 1, \u09e7\u09ef\u09e6\u09ec) \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099b\u09bf \u2013 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09bf\u099c, \u09a1\u09be\u099a, \u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be (?) \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u09c0 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 (\u201clawful gain\u201d) \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e9\u09e6) \u09aa\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09bf\u099c\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7, \u09a1\u09be\u099a\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c1\u0981\u099a\u09c1\u09dc\u09be\u09df, \u09ab\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8\u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0998\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f Frederik V-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b8\u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09ed \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u2013 \u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6 \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ea\u09e6 \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u099c\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09df\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ea\u09e6 \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09e9\u09ec \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 (\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8) \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7 \u09eb \u09aa\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u0964 (<em>The Good Old Days of Honorable John Company<\/em>, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e9\u09e9)<\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u09b2\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u099c\u09df\u09b2\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0987 \u0986\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09a6\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u2013 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2-\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8, \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8, \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0964 \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09e6 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a3\u09c0\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<p><em>\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7<\/em> <em>\u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09b0\u09be<\/em> <em>\u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>\u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09ed<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09e7\u09e7<\/em> <em>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09ac\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be<\/em> <em>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7<\/em> <em>\u098f\u0995<\/em> <em>\u09ad\u09df\u09be\u09ac\u09b9<\/em> <em>\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>\u099c\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8<\/em> <em>\u098f\u09ac\u0982<\/em> <em>\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u09b9\u09df<\/em><em>\u0964<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09c7<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4<\/em> <em>Gentleman\u2019s Magazine<\/em><em>&#8211;<\/em><em>\u098f<\/em> <em>(<\/em><em>\u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7<\/em> <em>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4<\/em><em>) <\/em><em>\u09e7\u09ed\u09e9\u09ee<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u099c\u09c1\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7<\/em><em> \u201c<\/em><em>\u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b2<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09b2<\/em><em>\u201d <\/em><em>\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7<\/em> <em>\u0996\u09ac\u09b0\u099f\u09bf<\/em> <em>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4<\/em> <em>\u09b9\u09df<\/em><em>\u0964<\/em> <em>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be<\/em> <em>\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09bf<\/em> <em>\u0986\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0989\u0987\u09b2\u09b8\u09a8<\/em><em> \u201c<\/em><em>A Contemporary Account of the Great Storm at Calcutta in <\/em>1737\u201d \u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 <em>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society<\/em>-\u09a4\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ee\u09ef\u09ee \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society\/volume\/34D136EA8C03C0C4F74D99C52836AFDF\">Volume 30<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society\/issue\/5F3820D9135CA5CC761E54CEEC630EF8\">Issue 1<\/a>, January 1898, pp. 29\u201333)\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u2013 \u201cThe great storm of 1737 is one of the few events still remembered in the early history of Calcutta.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 <em>\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>\u09b8<\/em> <em>\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09a8<\/em> \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u2013 \u201cIn the night of the 11<sup>th<\/sup> October, 1737, there happened a furious hurricane at the mouth of the Ganges, which reached <strong>sixty leagues<\/strong> <strong>up the river<\/strong>. There was at the same time a violent earthquake, which <strong>threw down a great many houses along the river side<\/strong>; in Golgota (i.e. Calcutta) alone, a port belonging to the<\/p>\n<p>English, <strong>two hundred houses were thrown down<\/strong>, and the high and magnificent steeple of the <strong>English Church sunk into the ground without breaking<\/strong>. It is computed that twenty thousand ships, barques, sloops, boats, canoes, etc., have been cast away; of nine English ships then in the Ganges, eight were lost, and most of the crews drowned. <strong>Barques of sixty tons were blown two leagues up into land over the tops of high trees<\/strong>; of four Dutch ships in the river, three were lost, with their men and cargoes; <strong>300,000 souls are said to have perished<\/strong>. The water rose<\/p>\n<p>forty feet higher than usual in the Ganges.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09df\u09be\u09ac\u09b9\u09a4\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09e9\u09e6\u09e6,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8, \u09ec\u09e6 \u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09b2\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u0989\u09dc\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09e8 \u09b2\u09c0\u0997 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09e7\u09e6 \u0995\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09dc\u09c7 (\u09e7 \u09b2\u09c0\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09eb \u0995\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8)\u0964 \u099d\u09dc\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09e9\u09e6\u09e6 \u0995\u09bf\u09b2\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 (\u09ec\u09e6 \u09b2\u09c0\u0997)\u0964 \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09dc\u09be, \u0995\u09a4 \u0997\u09b0\u09c0\u09ac \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09bf, \u0997\u09cb\u09b0\u09c1-\u09ac\u09be\u099b\u09c1\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b6\u09c1-\u09aa\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09af\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u2013 \u09e8\u099f\u09bf \u09eb\u09e6\u09e6 \u099f\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6 \u099c\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u099c \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09ae (\u09e7 \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09ae = \u09ec \u09ab\u09bf\u099f) \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7\u0964 \u09e8\u09e6,\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6 \u201cships, barks, sloops, boats, canoes &amp; c\u201d \u099b\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ee\u09e9\u09e9 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 <em>Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India<\/em>-\u09df (\u09ad\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09ae \u09e7\u09ef) \u098f \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e7\u09ed\u09e6-\u09e7\u09ed\u09e7)\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df<\/strong> <strong>\u09a6\u09be\u09b8<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 <em>The Good Old Days of Honorable John Company<\/em> (1906) \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099b\u09bf \u2013 \u201cAs late as 1760 the neighborhood of <strong>Akra and Budge -Budge was infested by slave ships<\/strong>, belonging to<\/p>\n<p>Mugs and Portuguese. The East India Chronicle for 1758 gives the following statement showing the origin of this slave system\u201d\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09eb) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ec\u09e6\u09e6 \u099c\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09c7 (\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e9\/\u09ea \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7) \u09a6\u09be\u09b8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u0964 \u201cSlavery was at one time very prevalent in Calcutta, as advertisements in the papers of 1780 and later show.\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09ec)<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09be\u09b8 \u09ad\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u2013 (\u09e7) \u201cWanted\u201d, (\u09e8) \u201cTo be Sold\u201d, (\u09e9) \u201cStrayed\u201d, (\u09ea) \u201cSlave Boys run away\u201d, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 (\u09eb) \u201cEloped\u201d\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09ec-\u09ea\u09ec\u09ed)<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09ee\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09c1 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u201cDuring the last century the generality of Europeans in Calcutta kept slave boys to wait on them at table. Slavery was a recognized institution, and as the following advertisement, taken from a Calcutta paper of 1781, shows, the trade was openly carried on even by persons holding holy orders: &#8211; \u201cTo be sold by private sale: Two Coffree boys , who play remarkably well on the French horn ; about eighteen years of age; belonging to a Portuguese Padrie lately deceased. For particulars enquire of the Vicar of the Portuguese Church .\u201d (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09ee)<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09be\u09b8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u2013 \u201cSir William Jones, in a charge of Grand Jury at Calcutta, in 1785, described the miseries of slavery existing at that period, even in the metropolis of British India\u201d\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09ee)<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09ee\u09ef \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09cb\u09df \u2013 \u201c<em>Proclamation, dated 27<sup>th<\/sup> July, 1789<\/em>\u201d\u0964 (\u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09ea\u09ec\u09ef)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/strong> <strong>\u09ac\u09c8\u09ad\u09ac<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09a6\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0993 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b9\u09a7\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09b8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u0997\u0982, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u099a\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09dc\u0964 \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09df \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7, \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u0996\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u099a\u09cc\u09a7\u09c1\u09b0\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0997\u09ae \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09b6\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u201c\u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u0993 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u0996\u09c2\u09ac \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u2018\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09c0\u2019 \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u09ac\u09c0 \u0993 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u0993 \u09b6\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09e6 \u09b8\u09a8\u09c7 \u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b9\u09c7\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a8\u0964\u201d \u09e7\u09ed\u09eb\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09cc\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09ad\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09b0 \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09b2\u09c1\u0995\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09df \u09a8\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8\u09c7 \u0996\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0996\u09ac\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09ec \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ad\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09df \u2018\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u2019 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099b\u09df \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09aa\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09a8\u09c1\u0997\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09a8\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09e6-\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09a8\u09bf \u09ef \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0996\u09b0\u099a \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09eb\u09e6 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u09b9\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09aa\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09e9\u09e8 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09a8\u09ac\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964\u201d (\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, <em>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be<\/em> <em>\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09a3<\/em>, \u0985\u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be, \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09e7, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09e9\u09e6\u09e6-\u09e9\u09e6\u09e7)<\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09a6\u09c1\u09df\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df\u09c0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 absentee landlord-\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u099c\u09be \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0964 \u201c\u099a\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df\u09c0-\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u09a4\u09c7\u099c\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df \u09af\u09c7, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09ce\u09b8\u09b0 \u09ea\u09e6\u09e7\u09eb\u09e7\u09e6\u09ef \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u09b9\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b2\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0 (\u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a) \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09e7\u09ef\u09e9\u09ed\u09e8\u09e7 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u0964\u201d (\u09b9\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df, <em>\u0995\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be<\/em> <em>\u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0<\/em> <em>\u0993<\/em> <em>\u098f\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0<\/em>, \u09e8\u09df \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u0983 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09a5\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u09df, \u09e7\u09ef\u09e8\u09e7, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09ef\u09ea)<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u0985\u09ac\u09be\u0995 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u0964 \u099a\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09df\u09c0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c0\u09a3 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u0995\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0964 \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09ef-\u09ed\u09e6 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2 \u099c\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09e9 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09e7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09dc \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09cb\u0995 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u0997\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ab \u09ae\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u0964 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09aa\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c8\u09ad\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09dc\u0964<\/p>\n<p>(\u09ae\u09c1\u0998\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f \u09b6\u09be\u09b9 \u0986\u09b2\u09ae \u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ad\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09a6\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c1\u09b6\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0, \u0989\u09dc\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u09e7\u09ed\u09ec\u09eb \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09a8\u09a6 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 Oil on canvas, Benjamin West, 1818\u0964 \u09b8\u09cc\u0983 \u0989\u0987\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b9\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u09ae\u09b9\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u099c\u09ae\u09bf\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 &#8230; \u09b8\u09be\u0981\u0993\u09a4\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u099f\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u09ae\u09b9\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u099a\u09be\u0981\u09a6 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u0997\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964\u201d (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4, \u09aa\u09c3\u0983 \u09eb\u09ef\u09eb)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u09a8\u099f\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u099b\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u09dc\u09b2\u09cb, \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ab\u09c1\u09b0\u09b2\u09cb\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09dc\u09b6\u09bf \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09a6 \u0997\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09a1\u09be\u0995 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0993\u09df\u09be\u099c (\u0986\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6, \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ef) \u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u2013 \u201c\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8 \u0986\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb-\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09a8 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u099c\u0997\u09ce\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0997\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u0964 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[660,102],"tags":[661,219],"class_list":["post-4462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-660","category-102","tag-661","tag-219"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4462"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4700,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462\/revisions\/4700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abahaman.com\/abahaman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}